Lead service line replacement projects in US capital improvement plans
143 planned projects · $2.6B · 80 cities in 24 states
In short
How many lead service line projects are in US city capital plans?
Klarifi’s extraction of published capital improvement plans finds 143 lead service line projects in 80 cities across 24 states, with a combined budget of $2.6B. The largest is Water Main CIP w/ LSLR in Chicago, IL, at $772M.
Inventory and replacement of lead and galvanized service lines under the Lead and Copper Rule Improvements. Most programs run several years and are funded through state revolving funds. The list below ranks the 10 largest by budget; every city links to its full capital plan page.
The largest lead service line projects
| # | Project | City | Budget | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Water Main CIP w/ LSLR | Chicago, IL | $772M | 2025–2028 |
| 2 | Leaks & Breaks LSLR | Chicago, IL | $446M | 2025–2028 |
| 3 | Sewer Construction w/ LSLR | Chicago, IL | $404M | 2024–2028 |
| 4 | Block Level LSLR | Chicago, IL | $280M | 2025–2028 |
| 5 | Lead Service Line Replacements | Syracuse, NY | $150M | 2026–2031 |
| 6 | Equity LSLR | Chicago, IL | $99M | 2025–2028 |
| 7 | Lead Service Replacement Project (49% Grant if Awarded) | Duluth, MN | $96M | 2025–2029 |
| 8 | LSLR at Daycares | Chicago, IL | $21M | 2025–2028 |
| 9 | Lead Service Line Replacement | Skokie, IL | $21M | 2026–2030 |
| 10 | Lead Service Line Replacement Program | Highland Park, IL | $20M | 2025–2030 |
All 143 lead service line projects, with descriptions and contacts
Every line item with its description, page reference and source document, filterable by state, budget and start year, linked to the treatment plants and decision-makers in each city, and refreshed as new plans are adopted.
Cities with the most lead service line projects
| City | Projects | Budget |
|---|---|---|
| Grand Rapids, MI | 21 | $71M |
| Neenah, WI | 18 | $5M |
| Chicago, IL | 6 | $2.0B |
| Jackson, MI | 6 | $2M |
| Marshall, MI | 4 | $4M |
| Syracuse, NY | 3 | $150M |
| Chelsea, MI | 3 | $115K |
| Kalamazoo, MI | 2 | $12M |
| Beaumont, TX | 2 | $7M |
| East Lansing, MI | 2 | $4M |
| Cape Girardeau, MO | 2 | $3M |
| Sturgis, MI | 2 | $2M |
States with the most lead service line projects
| State | Projects | Budget |
|---|---|---|
| Michigan | 66 | $128M |
| Wisconsin | 19 | $6M |
| Illinois | 13 | $2.1B |
| New York | 4 | $154M |
| Missouri | 4 | $18M |
| North Carolina | 4 | $11M |
| Colorado | 3 | $29M |
| Texas | 3 | $25M |
| Virginia | 3 | $10M |
| New Hampshire | 3 | $4M |
| Florida | 3 | $3M |
| Minnesota | 2 | $96M |
Planned spend by start year
Before 2026
$2.3B
86 items
2026
$227M
25 items
2027
$16M
11 items
2028
$14M
10 items
2029
$18M
9 items
2030
$583K
2 items
Other project types
Questions about lead service line projects
Sources and methodology
Budgets and years are as published in each city’s capital improvement plan or adopted budget. Klarifi extracts the water, sewer and wastewater line items from the published document, keeps the page reference for each one, and assigns a project type from the title and description with a keyword classifier. Figures are planning budgets, not awarded contracts, and can change when a plan is re-adopted.
Data refreshed October 12, 2026.
Wastewater terms: Lift station · Inflow and infiltration · Sludge dewatering · WWTP · Centrate · Ozonation · all terms